Why+nations+trade

Some reasons of why nations trade are: First because nations can´t be cultivate some products for reasons like bad climate or because the ground doesn´t have specific conditions that are needed. Second, because there are people specialized in kinds of works more than others so the nations try to find people who can do better the job. Third, trade allows having variety of goods, like new technology that can help to produce more goods in less time. The advantages could be: first protectionism can help when a new enterprise is entering the market, because the competition in other nations could break down the possibilities of growth and even affect the surviving of the enterprise. Other advantage is that if other firm is selling a product in fewer prices this could affect the local firms so is necessary putting tariffs and quotas to protect from unfair competition. A next one is: If a country has more exports than imports, is good to the nation so the protectionism reduce the imports by adding tariffs. There are other advantages like protection manufacturing goods and declining industries to give more unemployment. There are three disadvantages: If a country uses a lot of protectionism techniques it would close its economy to the rest of the world, preventing the enjoyment of full benefits of international specialization and trade. It is also bad for the costumer because the prices will grow and the will have to pay more for inferior produce. A tariff is a charge or list of charges either for services or on goods entering a country. And a quota is a fixed limited amount or number that is officially allowed. A quota raises the price of imports, reduce the volume of imports and encourage demands on domestically made substitutes**.** A tariff raises the price of the import and the revenue for the government, reduce the demand for imports and encourage demand for home-produced substitutes. The other protection techniques are the exchange controls to prevent residents from acquiring foreign money to offer for more imports. And the administrative practices could discriminate against imports through customs delays or conditions met by domestic except for foreign producers. Yes, those techniques are in Venezuela, one example is CADIVI, with that people don’t have the liberty of getting all dollars they want for buying products in other nations, but even with the protectionism techniques most import products are cheaper or with better quality than the ones that are produced here. Also in airports if you want to bring products you have to pay more if you want to bring more or weightier stuff.
 * **Word** || **Spanish equivalent** || **English meaning** ||
 * expertise || habilidad || a high level of knowledge or skill ||
 * surplus || excedente || (an amount which is) more than is needed ||
 * encourage || alentar,animar || to make someone more likely to do something, or to make something more likely to happen ||
 * raise || levantar || to lift something to a higher position ||
 * labour || trabajo, mano de obra || practical work, especially that which involves physical effort ||
 * benefit || provecho,ventaja || a helpful or good effect, or something intended to help ||
 * decline || decadencia, deterioro || to gradually become less, worse, or lower ||
 * retaliate || responder, contraatacar || to hurt someone or do something harmful to them because they have done or said something harmful to you ||
 * prevent || evitar, impedir || to stop something from happening or someone from doing something ||
 * restrict || restricciones || to limit the movements or actions of someone, or to limit something and reduce its size or prevent it from increasing ||
 * customs || aduana || a person whose job is to look inside travellers' bags to make certain they are not taking goods into a country without paying taxes ||
 * delay || retrasar, demorar || to make something happen at a later time than originally planned or expected ||
 * **Find three (3) reasons given in the text for why nations trade.**
 * **What are some of the advantage and disadvantages of protectionism?**
 * **What is a tariff and what is a quota? Use the specialist dictionary for the definition.** **What are the effects of tariffs and quotas on trade? Give at least two (2) examples of each.**
 * **What other protection techniques are mentioned in the text?**
 * **Are these protectionist techniques seen in Venezuela? Give examples.**